Mercury

Mercury

Planet · 0.39 AU from the Sun

Mercury facts

Type
Planet
Distance from the Sun
0.39 AU (5.79 × 10⁷ km)
Orbital period (year)
88 Earth days
Diameter
4,879 km
Mass
3.3 × 10²³ kg
Moons
0
Rotation period (day)
58.6 Earth days
Axial tilt
0.034°
Mean temperature
167 °C
Discovered
Known to the ancients

Orbit

Compressed scale; positions shown for 2026.

About Mercury

Mercury is the smallest planet and the closest to the Sun, racing around it in just 88 days. With almost no atmosphere it swings between scorching days and freezing nights, and its cratered, airless surface looks much like our Moon.

Mercury: frequently asked questions

What is Mercury?
Mercury is a planet in our Solar System, orbiting the Sun at an average distance of 0.39 AU (5.79 × 10⁷ km). Mercury is the smallest planet and the closest to the Sun, racing around it in just 88 days.
How far is Mercury from the Sun?
Mercury orbits the Sun at an average distance of 0.39 AU, about 5.79 × 10⁷ km. One AU is the Earth-Sun distance, so Mercury is roughly 0.39 of Earth's distance from the Sun.
How long is a year on Mercury?
Mercury takes 88 Earth days to complete one orbit of the Sun, which is one Mercury year. By Kepler's third law, bodies farther from the Sun take longer to go around.
How many moons does Mercury have?
Mercury has no moons.
How big is Mercury?
Mercury has a diameter of about 4,879 km and a mass of roughly 3.3 × 10²³ kg.

See Mercury in motion

Open the interactive Solar System orrery →

Data from NASA/JPL and NSSDCA. Source.