physics

• Conservation of Momentum and Collisions

  Set two carts' masses, speeds, and elasticity, then collide them. Momentum is conserved in every collision, elastic or inelastic, but kinetic energy is lost unless the collision is perfectly elastic.

• Friction: Static vs Kinetic Force Lab

  Pull a block and watch static friction rise to match your force until it breaks free and slides under a lower, constant kinetic friction, with a live force-vs-pull graph and coefficient sliders.

• Interactive Acceleration Due to Gravity (Free Fall)

  Drop a hammer and a feather with air resistance on or off, on Earth, the Moon, Mars or Jupiter. In a vacuum they land together, because free-fall acceleration g is the same for every mass.

• Interactive F = ma Calculator (Newton's Second Law)

  Enter any two of force, mass, and acceleration and this F = ma calculator solves the third, with the units, the conversions that trip people up, and a table of F for every whole-number pair.

• Interactive Motion Graphs (Distance-Time & Velocity-Time)

  Drag points to shape a distance-time or velocity-time graph and a runner moves to match, with the six graph shapes, the two graphs compared side by side, and a worked area calculation.

• Interactive Newton's Laws of Motion

  One sandbox for all three of Newton's laws: glide with no net force, accelerate at a = F/m on a live velocity-time graph, and push off to see equal and opposite forces.

• Interactive Ohm's Law Calculator

  Set any two of voltage, current, and resistance and watch the third solve itself with V = I × R. A live circuit lights a bulb whose brightness tracks the power.

• Interactive Projectile Motion (Launcher, Equations and Calculator)

  Set launch speed and angle, fire the projectile, and watch it trace a real parabola. Read range, maximum height and time of flight, and see why 45 degrees gives the longest range.

• Interactive Simple Machines and Mechanical Advantage

  Change a lever, ramp, pulley, or wheel and axle and watch mechanical advantage and effort force update live. Every simple machine trades distance for force, so work in equals work out.

• Interactive Wave Explorer

  Animate a travelling wave, adjust its amplitude, wavelength, and frequency, switch between transverse and longitudinal motion, and watch wave speed (v = f × λ) and period (T = 1/f) update live.

• Net Force & Free-Body Diagram Builder

  Drag the force arrows on an object and the net force updates live, with a balanced-or-unbalanced verdict. Build free-body diagrams and find when an object accelerates.

• The Electromagnetic Spectrum

  Slide along the electromagnetic spectrum from radio waves to gamma rays and watch wavelength, frequency, and photon energy update together, with a rainbow swatch in the visible band.